Siavash Taei Semiromi; Hamidreza Moradi; Morteza Khodagholi
Abstract
Now a day, long-term prediction of climate variables is necessary for climate change impact studies. Currently Global Circulation Models (GCM) are powerful tools to generate climate scenarios. These models are limited to capture the local climate due to their low spatial resolution. So, they cannot be ...
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Now a day, long-term prediction of climate variables is necessary for climate change impact studies. Currently Global Circulation Models (GCM) are powerful tools to generate climate scenarios. These models are limited to capture the local climate due to their low spatial resolution. So, they cannot be directly applied for hydrological modeling in a catchment scale. In this research, first the trend of variables such as rainfall, radiation, maximum and minimum temperature were assessed for the base period with nonparametric Man-Kendall test. Second, these variables were downscaled by using the outputs of HADCM model and under three scenarios of A1, A2 and B1 which are accepted by IPCC(1971-2010) under three scenarios and their monthly changes were investigated for three periods of 2011-2030, 2046-2065 and 2080-2099 compared to the base predicted period of (1971-2010). All these scenarios showed almost similar results on precipitation shortage and increasing of solar radiation, minimum and maximum temperature over the future periods. As an example, the results of A2 scenario showed increasing of the annual mean, minimum and maximum temperature by 1.1, 3.2, and 4.6 °C, increasing of solar radiation by 0.07, 0.30 and 0.33 mJ m-2d-1 and decreasing precipitation by 16.4, 17.6 and 31.9 percent for these periods compared to the base period.
Mehdi Bashari; Hamid Reza Moradi; Mir Masuod Kheirkhah; Majid Jafari Khaledi
Abstract
Soils containing rock fragments are covering major parts of land surfaces. Physical and chemical properties of soil are affected by rock fragments as they also affect on the hydrological and erosional processes. So far, many studies have shown the effect of surface rock fragments on soil erosion and ...
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Soils containing rock fragments are covering major parts of land surfaces. Physical and chemical properties of soil are affected by rock fragments as they also affect on the hydrological and erosional processes. So far, many studies have shown the effect of surface rock fragments on soil erosion and runoff. Sediment production is a complex and ambiguous process and a notice to these effects is necessity. Hence this study examines the soil erosion reactions in different impermeable coverage of rocks with erosion plots and rainfall simulator. For this purpose, plots were covered with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 percent of rocks, respectively. The results of sediment sampling and measuring the volume of runoff during 30 minutes of rainfall with an intensity of 70 mm/h were analyzed and the results showed that increasing of rock fragment coverage had no effect on runoff volume. But, the amount of sediment increased significantly (p<0/05) in soils containing rock fragments compared to soils without rock fragments. Although, results did not show a linear relationship between sediment values and rock fragment coverage percentage. The highest value of runoff and sediment concentrations observed in soils containing 10 and 20 percent of rock fragment coverage in comparison to other treatments. Finally, by increasing of surface rock fragments to 25 percent, the value of runoff and sediment decreased significantly. The results of this study confirmed the threshold levels in surface rock fragments to increase runoff and sediment values and also their dual roles at different levels.
Haniyeh Asadi; Hamid Reza Moradi; Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi; Abdolrasoul Telvari
Abstract
The proper application of instantaneous unit hydrograph theory is very efficient for watershed with lack of rainfall data. Therefore, the present study has been conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Clark instantaneous unit hydrograph modelwith the help of geographical information system in regenerating ...
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The proper application of instantaneous unit hydrograph theory is very efficient for watershed with lack of rainfall data. Therefore, the present study has been conducted to evaluate the efficiency of Clark instantaneous unit hydrograph modelwith the help of geographical information system in regenerating flood unit hydrograph in Kasilian watershed in Mazandaran province. The comparative evaluation is conducted between the 3h-unit hydrographs simulated using Clark model and the one obtained from averaging the observed ones. This comparison is made with the help of statistical criteria viz. relative error, root mean square of error, coefficient of efficiency and bias. It verified high level of compatibility between two unit hydrographs using the Clark model and the hydrograph obtained by averaging the observed data.
Seyed Hamid Reza Sadeghi; Gholam Reza Shojaee; Hamid Reza Moradi
Volume 2, Issue 3 , October 2010, , Pages 143-149
Abstract
The intensity and type of soil erosion are functions of climatic, topographic, soil and land use characteristics. The role of land use is more than others due to the human impacts. In order to study the relationship between land use change and soil erosion, the Manderijan watershed located upstream of ...
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The intensity and type of soil erosion are functions of climatic, topographic, soil and land use characteristics. The role of land use is more than others due to the human impacts. In order to study the relationship between land use change and soil erosion, the Manderijan watershed located upstream of Zayandehrud dam basin, comprises 23000 ha, was selected. The satellite images of MSS1979, TM1990, TM1998 and ETM2002 were used to map land use as well as soil erosion features during the study periods. The relationship between the existence as well as areas of each particular soil erosion feature and land use was also investigated using regression and Chi-square analyses. The results of the study verified a significant relationship between areas of land uses and soil erosion features. The moderate sheet erosion was further related to the land use changes in particular in the form of cubic regression equation having the determination coefficient of less than 81% and relative error of below 39.65%. The Chi-square analysis was also certified the insignificant relationship between existence of each particular soil erosion feature and land use whereas the relationship between land use and soil erosion areas could be significantly approved. The results of the study therefore can be utilized for proper management of the area through devoting necessary attention into the land uses.
Majid Mohammdi; Hamid Reza Moradi; Sadat Feiznia; Hamid Reza Pourghasemi
Volume 1, Issue 4 , February 2010, , Pages 248-258
Abstract
Landside is a natural disaster with great human and economic losses in Iran. In recent year, landslide occurrence due to change of land use and construction of roads, has been on the increasing trend in northern regions of Iran. This phenomenon is more occurring in developing countries due to high rate ...
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Landside is a natural disaster with great human and economic losses in Iran. In recent year, landslide occurrence due to change of land use and construction of roads, has been on the increasing trend in northern regions of Iran. This phenomenon is more occurring in developing countries due to high rate of population growth and natural resources deterioration. There are several methods for landslide hazard zoning and in this research density area and analytical hierarchy process models were utilized. For landslide susceptibility mapping, field study landslides distribution map and effective factors are required. Prioritization of effective factor was carried out using AHP. Our investigation indicates that lithology, distance from road, slope, distance from drainage network, land use, elevation and aspect are the main land slide controlling factor in the area respectively. Evaluation of these models using QS index showed that density area is a better approach for landslide hazard zonation in the region.
